Gulf Carriers Destabilise Alliances

With much service, Qatar Airways turned into the first of the huge Sulfated c aeries to enter a worldwide aircraft coalition by joining Enroll, drove by American Airlines and British Main. Ways. Join now â€Å"Becoming an individual from Enroll is one of the most huge tourist spots in Qatar Airways' history,† proclaimed Kafka AH Baker, the aircraft's CEO. This move features how the fastenings, steamrollered Gulf transporters †E emirates Airlines, Edited Airways and Qatar Airways †are no longer seen with widespread threatening vibe by western airlines.First is our new fundamental day by day email instructions of the best stories from over the web But Emirates and Edited are probably not going to go along with one Of the three worldwide aril en unions †Enroll, Steam and Star Alliance †sooner rather than later. These two transporters, situated in D baa and ABA Dhabi, individually, are seeking after their own associations †activities that are destabilize E ng the unions and could assume a powerful job in decreasing the significance of these groups.The unions were set up in the 1 9905 on the grounds that outside possession manages frequently denied bearers room joining through crossbred mergers. Indeed, even the greatest bearers realized they couldn't travel to every huge city, so aircrafts framed partnerships that in actuality shot their systems together to offer goals overall †quite to business explorers. These partnerships should be clubs that cared for their individual advantages, yet a year ago Santa †an establishing individual from Enroll - ? sent showplaces through the business by consenting to frame a charge throbbing association with Emirates.Founded in 1985 and now traveling to in excess of 130 goals with the world s biggest armada of wideband traveler planes, Emirates has delivered monetary torment on longhand transporters in the US, Europe and Asia †incorporate inning Santa. Be that as it may, the Australian bearer is trusting the cooperation with Emirates will assume a key job in reestablishing its global pop discourses to benefit. At the core of the organization is an icosahedra that gives Santa travelers an a lot more prominent selection of courses among Australia and Europe, the Middle East and Africa since they can fly on Emirates' planes.

Essay Writing Criteria - How to Write an Essay That Will Prove to Be a Success

Essay Writing Criteria - How to Write an Essay That Will Prove to Be a SuccessThere are a number of essay writing criteria that you can use to help ensure that your essay writing project is a success. Your essay should be written in a way that will allow you to persuade the reader to take some form of action. By using a set of essay writing criteria you can create a well-written and persuasive essay that will make a good impression on the reader. In this article I will look at some of the main essay writing criteria that you can use to help you get started.The first thing that you should consider when writing an essay is who your audience is. This is the first step in determining what type of essay you should write. Try to think about the type of audience that you have to work with and then work backwards from there to try and determine what type of essay will suit them best.Be as objective as possible when writing. Not only should you write from a neutral point of view but you shoul d also make sure that your essay isn't biased towards either side. Your audience might not agree with your political opinions or they might disagree but only be partially so. Making sure that your essay is both critical and neutral will make it easier for them to understand and they will also be more likely to be willing to read it. If you don't have any direct contact with the audience then try to stick to something neutral sounding words like objective, critical and impartial.The next step is to consider the sentence structure of your essay. It is important that your sentences are short and to the point. However if you don't provide any real information, you won't get too far when it comes to persuading your audience.Use colour is another important factor when writing an essay. The colour of the paper or computer screen is an important part of the overall layout of the document. If you use the same colour throughout your essay then you have created a cohesive design. If your docum ent uses a lot of different colours then you have created a fragmented or disjointed design.Focus on the structure of your essay rather than the tone of your writing. While it is very important to try and make your readers feel listened to when writing a document, you don't want to go overboard with your style. Using all formal language and too many erudite vocabulary words is never going to impress the reader.Also think about the title of your essay. If you have an interesting title that is hard to understand then it can cause problems. A good title is important because it establishes an important question and this is what you want the reader to read your essay for.If you want to succeed when writing an essay, you need to remember that each individual needs to be judged individually. Don't let anyone else's opinion or background affect how you write.

Multi agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multi office - Essay Example The investigations attempt to make a connection between multi-calling and terms, for example, multi-disciplinary, multi-office, between proficient, between office, and cooperating. A nitty gritty examination by Bach presumed that multi-polished skill manages a more extensive gathering, where as between demonstrable skill manages two expert gatherings cooperating (Bach , 2011). Another examination by Walshe characterized multi-polished methodology as a training that includes proficient gatherings, yet does exclude collaboration(Walshe, 2006). For example, specialists may concur with a patient on a mediation, however each specialist works independently to give the intercession concurred. Bach contends that multi-polished skill is working across limits to meet the customers’ needs (Bach 2009). The term multi-organization is extremely basic in social consideration settings. Multi-organization portrays multi-polished methodology with inclusion of administrations, for example, instruction, lodging, and lodging laborers all cooperating to offer types of assistance for a person. Be that as it may, the administration recipient and supplier will likewise be a piece of multi-organization work, and studies call this banding together working(Alder, 2011). From the above conversations, it is obvious there are various terms that characterize multi-proficient working. In any case, all the terms mean something very similar. The term multi-proficient working is frequently utilized in writings in light of the fact that the most significant components of multi-proficient practice movement are joint effort and collaboration, which are urgent in conveying services(Alder, 2011). There are numerous components that impact the development of multi-calling practice. The paper will cover different drivers for multi-proficient practice. The most persuasive driver is the legislature since it designates the assets that make multi-calling rehearses approaches occur. There are reasons why individuals cooperate Most government approaches consistently secure the powerless individuals. There is

Supernatural Forces in Shakespeare - Literature Essay Samples

In the plays of Shakespeare, readers can find several issues of human nature addressed. In Othello, Shakespeare addresses jealously and racism. In King Lear, he addresses pride and love. In Romeo and Juliet, he examines fate. In The Tempest and Hamlet in particular, he seems to deal indirectly with one significant problem. In both plays, some supernatural impetus prompts the actions of important characters and directs the plot in a specific direction. This brings the reader to question why an outside force is necessary to provoke certain action in the story. Is the force a plot device, employed by Shakespeare to develop the drama and achieve a certain end? Does the force represent a cosmic impetus that acts on us all? Or does it represent something internal, common to us all? Most importantly, what is Shakespeare saying about human nature through employment of this? In The Tempest, Prosperos sorcery and the sprits under his control compel the stranded nobles to act according to his w ishes. In Hamlet, the appearance of his fathers ghost causes Hamlets depressed indecision and eventually his fatal vengeance. Whatever Shakespeares purpose is in using this external drive, these supernatural forces allow the reader to see characters developed under extraordinary circumstances, as they might not if the characters were limited to acting strictly according to principles of cause and effect or rationality. In The Tempest, Ariel reports to Prospero:In troops I have dispersed them bout the isle. The Kings son have I landed by himself, whom I left cooling of the air with sighs in an odd angle of the isle Safely in harbor is the kings ship And for the rest o the fleet, which I have dispersed, they have all met again, and are upon the Mediterranean flote bound sadly home for Naples, supposing that they saw the Kings ship wracked and his great person perish. (1.2.220-37) Prosperos strategic scattering of the nobles, sailors, and servants about the island enables his complex plans ultimate success. Ferdinand is separated from the group so that he meets Miranda alone. The king and his men are enticed to sleep by Ariel, allowing Antonio and Sebastian to plot their overthrow of the king of Naples. Stephano, Trinculo, and Caliban are led by music to a mantled pool (4.2.182) where they occupy themselves, drunk, until it is time for them to act. These characters do not seem compelled to act in ways they would be incapable of by their own accord. We can believe Ferdinand could fall in love with Miranda under different circumstances. Antonio would certainly be able to plot tyranny with Sebastian without Ariels assistance in putting the kings men to sleep. The significance of their actions lies in that they did not act entirely of their own accord, but they were compelled to act thus by Prospero and the spirits under his command. In Hamlet, the appearance of his fathers ghost provides Hamlet with information he would not have otherwise had. It also leaves him conflicted as to whether or not he should believe the ghost and avenge his fathers death. This conflict for Hamlet takes him from depressed indecision to madness to finally, fatal action. When Hamlet is on watch with Horatio and Marcellus and he sees the ghost for the first time, he asks, What may this mean? (1.4.51) and What should we do? (1.4.57). While it is perhaps in Hamlets disposition to seek guidance and to need reassurance, it is nonetheless the appearance of the ghost and his directions to Hamlet that drive the prince to his madness and death. In each of these cases, the influence of the external force is crucial to the action. In using such forces, Shakespeare avoids an over-simplified view of human action as being based simply on a principle of cause and effect. He acknowledges non-rational factors in our action and shows an appreciation for our complexity. I would certainly not argue that Shakespeare believes in ghosts and spirits, at least as they exist in his plays. T hey seem instead to represent some metaphysical impetus, or even an indistinguishable aspect of ourselves that directs our actions, but that we are not quite able to understand or name. Some of Shakespeares characters act as their personalities dictates. They are consistent to the point of being predictable. Gonzalo and Polonius are two such characters who do not seem to stray from a particular disposition or line of thought throughout the play. Hamlet, however, as well as Prospero, and a few others in The Tempest to some degree, are moved to do great or tragic things. It seems that Shakespeare is suggesting in this that there is a part of us, represented by the ghost of Old Hamlet and the spirits of Prospero, that is supra-rational and beyond our comprehension. His denial of this quality to flat characters like Gonzalo and Polonius suggests that Shakespeare does not allow this hidden reserve of abstract motivating forces to everyone. Those who do great things, however, or who are t ragic heroes, may indeed possess some internal motives of a metaphysical nature that drive them to do extraordinary things. According to this reading of The Tempest and Hamlet, Shakespeare offers his audience a complex explanation of the nature of human action. He places some of the seemingly irrational conduct of men under the influence of spirits or ghosts, or our indefinite inner drives, as we can read it. In trying to give form to the seeming inexplicability of some of mans actions, Shakespeare both attempts to explain these actions and respects the complexity of man.

Descartes Philosophy Descartes s Western...

â€Å"One should try to discard any doubts that he/she may previously have and try to start again from the beginning with knowledge that is for certain, the truth† says Descartes. The first two meditations out of Descartes’s six, gives the reader general ideas of Descartes’s western philosophical reasoning. Meditation one focuses on removing any doubts in the mind and meditation two focuses on how the mind is better than the body. I will describe Descartes’s major points for meditations one and two by gives rational reasoning to truly support the major claims that he is making. Descartes starts his argument by saying that he must start with new stronger premises. He says that he wants to brush away all doubts in his mind and start from the beginning with a new and real foundation of ideas. Descartes explains that the reasons behind the things that he learning, causes him to question his previous thoughts or doubts. Therefore, he must search for real reasons which can be supported to help him develop better knowledge. Descartes follows a unique pattern of giving reasons through steps. For instance, he says that his doubts come from what he has learned from his senses. He expands this idea, by justifying that senses can deceive humans if these senses are about small objects. What I understand from his argument is that, he believes every little thing has its own sense and humans can fall victim to these senses by believing it. For example, if a person is addicted to something thenShow MoreRelatedPropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 PagesEmpiricism Aaron Nicely Intro to Philosophy 02-09-2016 In this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Read MoreKant vs Aristotle1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Platonic Rationalist and Aristotelian Empirical Way of Thinking Philosophical Inquiry Section ON22 Erich Grunder Jim Cook 3/2/2007 During the 17th and 18th century two philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, arose carving for themselves a trench in the philosophical world. We can see the biggest distinction between the two in their theories of how we know things exist. The traditions of Plato and Aristotle have been dubbed rationalism and empiricism respectively. Under these traditions manyRead MorePhilosophy Of The Middle Ages1124 Words   |  5 Pages Philosophy Approach All the approaches to philosophy over thousands of years are still relevant today. Unless all the questions that philosophers and others have asked have been satisfactorily answered, then any approach is still useful. In the Middle Ages the goal, according to the textbook (Stewart, Blocker Petrik, 2013), the focus of philosophers was to bring together philosophy with the needs of the Church. The most important question revolved around the idea of God and how he should beRead MoreEssay about Descartes vs. Spinoza1588 Words   |  7 PagesTerm Paper, Philosophy 1107 Aaron Davis Evaluation Comparison Between Descartes and Spinoza About The Paper: What I will do in this following paper is to discuss two very interesting philosophers, Rene Descartes and Benedictus de Spinoza. I will discuss each philosopher’s perspectives and insights on their most recognized theories and thoughts. I will then evaluate them and then give my opinion on the given topic. By doing this, I will contrast the similarities andRead MoreThe Basic Principle Of Inquiry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciple of inquiry is what constructs the pillars of philosophical thought. As in all things, the beginnings of philosophy were somewhat elementary, but complexity has built as history advances. Philosophy is loosely organized into 2 fields, Western and Eastern. Western philosophy is associated with Ancient Greek, Roman, Western Europe, and later on, the Americas’ process of thought. Being that we are predominantly influenced by this field of philosophy (due to our location) it is essential that we mustRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. 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Cuza University of Iasi Abstract The article focuses on one of the most serious accusations brought against Descartes and modern philosophy, namely â€Å"the dualism of substance†. The accusers claim that the human body and soul were viewed as completely separate; consequently, their relationship as such and the united being of man become incomprehensible. AsRead MoreRene Descartes s Philosophy On The Mind3358 Words   |  14 Pages Introduction to Philosophy October 23, 2014 Renà © Descartes Descartes is one of the most influential and well-known philosophers of all time. The idea he is most famous for is his explanation on the mind. Renà © Descartes is often credited with being the â€Å"Father of Modern Philosophy.† This title is justified due both to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy prevalent at his time and to his development and promotion of the new, mechanistic sciences. He wasRead MoreThe Foundations Of Rationalism By Plato1762 Words   |  8 PagesFaith, like prejudice, is an enemy of reason, yet if the power of reason to enquire important answers to fundamental questions has been demonstrated in the western tradition since Plato, faith, which remains today a prominent global force manifested in religion, too, holds a function in logical enquiry. Faith is to hold a conviction void of actual evidence, yet Reason needs faith in order to function, it is faith that is linked to the imagination and hypothesis for enquiry. Hum ans are not machines

Little Red Riding Hood A Fairy Tale - 1688 Words

Little Red Riding Hood According to oxford dictionary a fairy tale is an all aged story about magical and imaginary things. (Fairy tale). A fairy tale to me is also like reality, because it s a story with a lesson behind it, that people learn from, the moral. To me a fairy tale is just a short made up story with a strong meaning behind it. The moral of a fairy tale is a lesson that s being described, to be learned! â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, is the fairy tale that I think has a very serious meaning to it. The cultural value to this fairy tale is, safety of women, and the safety of little girls. Its a European fairy tale. Lurie says â€Å" The standard European fairy tale, both traditional and modern, takes place in a fixed social world.†(Alison 364). By this she meant that a fixed social world is a world that can not be changed. Its important to know that this fairy tale is a european fairy tale because in this little story Little Red Riding Hood goes off and doe s stuff that people normally do but is very dangerous. That proves the idea of lesson learned. By this I mean that anyone and everyone knows what consequences would have to be faced but still do it, because its something that can t be changed. People have to actually see or go through something bad to actually learn from it. But it s still a lesson that is taught and cannot be changed. The cultural value of this fairy tale â€Å" Little Red Riding Hood† as I previously mentioned is about the safety of women andShow MoreRelatedFairy Tales Paper: A Retelling of Little Red Riding Hood941 Words   |  4 PagesAs we look back on the history of fairy tales, we find that they are stories passed down to generations through the oral tradition that generally include a moral or pervading theme that is meant to aid the listener. 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When telling a child about â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† they understand one message that they should not talk to strangers, but children do not understand other messages that are analyzedRead MoreLittle Red Riding Hood By Sam The Sham And The Pharaohs1244 Words   |  5 PagesFairy Tales change and are constantly molding to fit modern standards and expectations. The story of Little Red Riding Hood also changes. Over the years innumerable variations have been created. Used by many, the story of Little Red Riding Hood has debuted in print, games, tv, painting, and song. Some adaptations fit into the category of a fairy tale while others branch out into other genres. The song â€Å"Lil’ Red Riding Hood† by Sam the Sham the Pharaohs exemplifies the story of Little Red RidingRead MoreThe Importance of Little Red Riding Hood764 Words   |  3 Pagesdanger† Little Red Riding Hood hasn’t. The fairy tales that are taught and shared today teach life lessons. Little Red Riding Hood is a fairy tale recorder by The Brothers Grimm that is about a young naà ¯ve girl who is deceived by the Wolf and is taught a life lesson. Little Red Riding Hood is a fairy tale that originates from Germany and much of Europe and is about a girl who was hoodwinked by the Wolf and teaches a theme or moral about growing up, and being safe. The tale Little Red Riding Hood is saidRead MoreVladimir Propps Morphology of the Folk Tale Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesVladimir Propp presents an excellent argument in his Morphology of the Folktale. In testing his hypothesis he compares the themes of about 100 tales and comes out with a formula, ultimately coming to the conclusion that there is really only one fairy tale in its structure. He takes a description of the tale according to its component parts and [compares] the relationship of these components to each other and to the whole (Tatar 382). 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She mentioned that cardinals are the second rank of the Roman Catholic religion only below the Pope. When they are in choir, they would wear fully red robes. In usual time, the black robes theyRead MoreAnalysis of Little Red Riding Hood Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesIn his story Little Red Riding Hood, Charles Perrault introduces the concept of being wary of strangers to his young audience. The story begins with a little girl getting instructions from her mother to take some bread and butter to her ailing grandmother. Shortly after her journey to her grandmothers cottage, the little girl comes in contact with a wolf. She engages in conversation with the wolf, informing him of her destination an d the whereabouts of her grandmother. The wolf, being a cunningRead MoreFairy Tales Analysis1136 Words   |  5 PagesFairy tales have been read to children for many years by parents hoping these tales of heroines and heroes would provide a fun and interesting way to teach moral and values. Fairy tales provide children with a fun and entertaining way to deal with strangers. Children learn that when you don’t follow the rule and talk to mysterious strangers you’re put into situation that can cause pain or suffering to others. Fairy tales such as the Brothers Grimm version of â€Å"Little Red-Cap† provide a great dealRead MoreEssay about Fairy Tales, The Hidden Meaning1436 Words   |  6 PagesFairy Tales: The Hidden Meaning. True love stories are typically not found on television; but can be found in the older books of fairytales. Fairytales have not been always written because before people could write, fairytales would be spoken and passed on from generation to generation. Although large numbers of literary fairy tales were written in 17th century France, most of the tales which are still told and retold now are far older in origin. The first published fairytales happened in 1667;

Business and applied statistics research Essay Example For Students

Business and applied statistics research Essay I am coming to xxxxxxxxx with a research proposal that could quite possibly revitalize the spirit in which it was founded. Since xxxxxx first began in 1978, quality workmanship has been one of the principles around which its foundation was constructed. It is that very same principle that established a clientele which has supported xxx over the years with repeat business and word of mouth recommendations. After having the privilege of working for xxx this past summer I was able to gain some insight on a problem that could potentially crack that foundation. After years of high quality performance it appears to me that, like many other opportunistic companies, xxx has let targets and numbers get in the way of the thing that made them the largest residential painting company in the world. That thing is quality. It is my assertion that the production target driven structure which xxx has grown to embrace is the culprit in an ongoing decrease in overall quality. If given the chance I am capable of doing pertinent business research that can determine the existence or lack there of of an association between production targets and quality ratings. This research will not only allow management to understand the connection between these targets and quality but also enable them to pick any desired level of overall quality by choosing the corresponding production target. Such understanding will inherently lead to and increase in overall quality. However, there are countless indirect results of such an understanding. To name a few: increased profits, increased demand, lowered stress, less turnover and on and on. The majority of this proposal details specifically how I would go about obtaining and analyzing this data as well as what it could do for you. Thank you for your time and consideration. NOTE: If the reader is not familiar with xxx please read the brief company description in Appendix A. xxxx has three main principles by which it stands. These principles are intended to guide administrators in the decision making process and lead managers on a daily basis as they work with customers and painters. As I understand it, these three statements are the commandments of the xxx business. Do as they say and you can do no wrong. In everything you do quality should be the motivating factor. three principles and today this commandment is under scrutiny. Recently I had the privilege of working for The Franchise Company(founder of xxx), so I have some insight as to how the company operates. One of the things that I noticed was a discrepancy between quality and production targets(aka Designated Target DT). Larger production targets do not inherently imply that quality will go down. If an emphasis is placed on quality above all things then a well run business can maintain the same level of quality no matter what the DT. However, I believe that one can find some drastic inconsistencies between what xxx preaches and what xxx teaches. From personal experience, I can attest to the fact that hitting your DT is the number one priority. As I would expect, xxx administration maintains that quality(one of the founding principles) is their number on priority no matter what the DT. The problem here is, through no fault of their own, xxx is unaware of the impact that higher DTs have on young managers interest in quality. In an insert from a xxx field manual called Manager Success Model, the contradiction is blatantly obvious. On one side of the sheet points are given for quality, profit and volume.(see Appendix C) The points awarded at the star level are twice as much(twice as significant) as both profit and volume which are equal in points. However, on the other side of the sheet the exact wording is xxx and your General Manager will deem your summer a success provided that you hit your sales target, make between $6,000 and $10,000 and deliver quality service to your customers In my opinion the order of the latter is more indicative of the true culture. There are three factors that undermine the quality commandment. 1) When a manager hits his DT he pays less royalty on each job produced thereafter. .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .postImageUrl , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:hover , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:visited , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:active { border:0!important; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:active , .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u42d41d155a1da3032e2e16dec364abbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting AIDS Essay 2) The general managers who .

Swot Analyss Essay Example

Swot Analyss Essay Strengths Comar chemicals is regarded as a leader in the tyre and paint industry. This phenomenon is ascribed to the following strengths: †¢Contracts in place with Goodyear, Continental, Plascon, Bridgestone, Dunlop, and Michelin. †¢Product quality of the highest standard. Automated plant control systems in place, constant in-production quality control tests controlled by chemical director, Vernon Redding. Compliant raw materials with specifications are being utilised. †¢Succession planning in place since the appointment of Stefan as operational manager. This person is ear marked to substitute Vernon Redding, in the event of his departure. Buy and sell agreement entered into by directors, Udo Eric Eichrodt and Dieter Roland. †¢Management team is experienced and highly qualified. †¢Udo Eric Eichrodt: 30 years BComm Marketing Management †¢Dieter Roland: 29 years Bcomm Investment Management †¢Vernon Redding: 45 years PhD Chemistry †¢Stefan: 12 years BScHons Chemistry †¢May Rossouw: 24 years BCommHons (Management Accounting) †¢Nicki de Villiers: 15 years MComm (Transport Economics) †¢Low staff turnover. The company invests in staff morale as it understands it to be its biggest asset. †¢BEE Status 20% black owned, Vernon Redding, Indian. Promotes business in South Africa and abroad. †¢ISO 9001:2008 Certified (International Organization for Standardization. ) Little trouble has been encountered in the past to comply with minimum standards required by this certification. †¢Unqualified annual audited financial statements. This is testament to good governance practiced. Low gearing, although non-current assets are shown at R4m. Market value of plant and property exceeds R20m. Company is liquid, considering current assets to current liabilities ratio of 4:1. †¢Comar chemicals operates from totally owned premises. European Safety Reliability Association (ESRA) certified. Toxic waste is dealt with in a responsible and reliable manner. Contamination of ground is highly unlikely as the company places a high premium on â€Å"going green. † †¢Flexibility and research development ensures ongoing sustainability. †¢Product reliability. Order tracking procedure and commitment of staff ensures a good reputation of the company. †¢Absolute advantage, ability to produce specific product more efficiently than any other nation. Factors of production are relatively cheaper than any other country. †¢Zero tolerance for human error. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company has strict rules and procedures that need to be followed to ensure the mainstay of the business. Disciplinary actions are taken against culprits, which could lead to dismissal. Weaknesses The following weaknesses have been identified: †¢Comar Chemicals is faced with multiple taxes due to the fact that it is a multinational enterprise that runs in various different contries. Operating in various different countries leads to multiple tax jurisdictions. Multiple tax jurisdictions may lead to the overlapping of taxes and the company may end up with a double taxation. (1) †¢The economic model introduces some weaknesses to the company. There are various factors that affect the economic activity of Comar Chemicals. These include the resource limitations placed on the company’s ability to obtain certain chemicals or the availability of chemicals needed in the factors of production. Environmental or geographical constraints can increase their expenses due to extra transportation costs for raw materials and finished goods. The factory could be situated in an area which is prone to seasonal bad weather (Cape Town). This could slow down the process of moving materials and Comar Chemicals will bear the economic impact of a loss of potential revenue and increased costs. Theirs will also be certain institutional and legal requirements that Comar Chemicals will have to follow and they will vary in the three different countries that they operate in, South Africa, Switzerland and Germany. Comar Chemicals may have to adhere to different legal levels of Co2 production that they create during their production process and will have to regulate these levels in compliance with the legal levels set by the government. †¢Comar Chemicals has no buy and sell agreement supported by life insurance. A buy and sell agreement is a binding legal document that governs the conditions if a co-owner dies or is otherwise forced to leave the business. The fact that there is no buy and sell agreement supported by life cover means that if owner of the company passes way or is forced to leave the business then all the debt or liabilities incurred by the business will be left to the closest relative of the owner. This could lead to a liquidation of the business if there is no insurance cover. Therefore the business is not completely safe in the case of a personal crisis within the business. 2) †¢Promotion for staff is limited due the low staff turnover that Comar Chemicals has. Comar Chemicals has a total of 38 employees that includes two scientists, one accountant and one logistics manager. This can also be seen as a strength however the fact that there are so few employees, there are few promotions to employees. This can cause employees to become less motivated towards their job and c ompany and in turn this could decrease the total production and the total efficiency of production. †¢Employee empowerment is the act of giving more responsibility to workers in the work place. 3) The empowerment of staff can lead to a weakness within Comar Chemicals due to the fact that firstly, the business has a relatively small number of employees. This can lead to an increase in conflict between the employees as to why one employee has been empowered more than another. This can cause bad interpersonal relationships between employees. Empowerment can also be a weakness if the wrong employee has been empowered to take on a certain task or manage a project that he or she has not been specifically trained for. This could create problems within the managerial and operational sectors of Comar Chemicals. If empowerment of employees is going to be an on-going activity at Comar Chemicals then it has to be carried out in a way that makes sure that the right employees are being empowered for the right reasons. †¢Comar Chemicals has no key man insurance. This is very similar to the absence of a buy and sells agreement, supported by life cover that was previously mentioned. Key man insurance is an insurance policy that is takes out by the business to compensate for financial losses that would arise from the death or extended incapacity of an important member of the business. Key man insurance can cover many insurable losses that include, losses related to the period when the key person was unable to work and insurance to protect profits, insurance to protect shareholders and partnership agreements. Without key man insurance, Comar Chemicals is vulnerable to the chance that something happens to the owner and there is no protection or financial security for the business in the future. (4) Opportunities There are many opportunities for Comar Chemicals to utilise to maximise their business productivity and profitability. There are two types of opportunities, external and internal. External opportunities affect the organisation due to independent factors. Internal opportunities exist within the firm. Opportunities, when realised, can have enormous rewards for the business if the opportunities are exploited correctly. An opportunity is indication of positive potential that can help a business increase its success. Possible sources of business opportunities in most industries and markets include: Potential Business Opportunities Technological innovation New demand Market growth Demographic change Social or lifestyle change Government spending programmesHigher economic growth Trade liberalisation EU enlargement Diversification opportunity Deregulation of the market The opportunities that Comar can use to their advantage are: import quotas, developing markets, revising job descriptions/digressions, improving competitive levels, forward exchange cover, Solar power, life policies, association with universities and joint development with customers. An Import Quota is like a form of protection. It fixes the amount of products a foreign producing firm is allowed to bring into a country over a specific time period, which is usually a year. The objective of an import quota is to limit imports into a country therefore encouraging the use of domestic products and services, as the amount of the good being imported is limited the price of the specific good increases therefore domestic firms benefit. Comar, being situated in South Africa, Switzerland and Germany, can use this as an opportunity by increasing domestic employment. There will be a larger demand for Comar Chemicals because import quotas will make it more expensive to import these goods from international competitors. This will encourage Comar to employ more citizens that are qualified for the job because of the expanding demand of their product and the need for increased labour and skills in the organisation. Comar is a small business, with 38 employees including two scientists, an accountant and a logistics specialist. Comar is 14 years old, which is relatively young compared to it competitors therefore it can be considered an â€Å"infant industry† which is still developing and is not big enough to compete fairly. Import quotas allow Comar to mature onto a same competitive level as international organisations. South Africa is a developing country and the market for metal carboxylates is expanding with the increase of paint and coatings, printing inks and chemical industry, polyester industry, grease and gear oils industry and PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry. With the increase of construction and manufacturing in South Africa, these industries are in higher demand than ever before. Comar can improve their competing levels through product quality. Quality relates to appropriate use: how well a product does what it is intended to do. This can include a compliance of raw materials with specifications, detailed manufacturing and quality control test procedures, in-production tests of final products, introduction of automated plant control systems. These quality control methods leave little room for error, positioning the product on a high level of quality which will lead to a smart modern working environment and a reflection of the quality of the business as a whole. Comar’s leading product is COMCAT, which inclueds a rare earth catalyst which is used in the synthetic rubber industry to manufacture advanced rubber tyres making tyres softer but more durable which in turn lowers the level of CO2 emissions from vehicles. This gives Comar a competitive advantage as their products are also helping the environment and decreasing the level of harm through innovative products, which will draw the attraction of buyers. There can often be discrepancies about the actual responsibilities, tasks and duties of a certain position within the organization; this can be managed by revising job descriptions. There must be an accurate reflection of the true functions and responsibilities for a job description to be effective. A comprehensive job description can be used in management to measure employee performance and employees can use the job description as a guideline to comprehend the expectations of the position. This can lead to improved productivity and ohesiveness within the organization to help realize the organizations objectives and goals. Comar can use the opportunity to become involved with universities to further their research and provide university departments with their expertise of the product to evolve students into potential employees of their firm or for that specific industry. For example, Comar could give bursaries to deserved students to pay for their studies in a BSC, specializing in CO MCAT (PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry). They could provide all the necessary tools (research, expertise, information) in order to establish awareness of this specific product and market the need for this specific scientist in this field. Joint development with customers involves a good relationship between the manufacturer and the customer. The manufacturer must be enthusiastic and prepared to open up its daily practices and activities to its customers, this will give the customer the opportunity to carefully scrutinize and evaluate the ways in which the manufacturer operates, during the production process, and the quality of the finished products. An important issue when dealing with joint development with customers is communication. When there is a healthy line of communication between the manufacturer and the customer, there can be am exchange of ideas between parties leading to effective production and customer satisfaction. Threats Threats are conditions in the business environment that are uncontrollable and have the potential to harm business profitability. One of the most common threats is competitors. There are a number of threats that Comar may face, including: future trends in the specific field, social issues, the economy, funding, demographics and the physical environment. When observing the potential threats that Comar may face, the following needs to be determined: the obstacles Comar may face, competitor’s activity, quality standards and changing technology. Threats can be divided into two categories namely, industry threats, an increase in competition or a decrease in the market size, and macro threats, threats that affect all industries in Comar’s area. Possible sources of business threats include Potential Business Threats New market entrants Change in customer tastes or needs Demographic change Consolidation among buyers New regulationsEconomic downturn Rise of low cost production abroad Higher input prices New substitute products Competitive price pressure A potential threat Comar may face is the diversity. Diversity is often defined as a positive term for a business, but it also comes with threats that have the potential to ruin productivity. Comar has a diverse workforce, co-workers each have different experiences and perceptions as they have all come from different backgrounds. This could cause cultural clashes which can decrease productivity and cohesiveness of the business as a whole. Comar could also experience divisions in staff members due to the formation of cliques and other groups, this can create competition between employees rather than teamwork, a lack of respect amongst one another and this could lead to costly diversity training to resolve diversity issues within the organisation. Comar has a diverse client base as their company is also situated in Switzerland and Germany. It is therefore crucial for Comar have a bi-lingual customer service, if they do not they will lose a massive amount of clientele as there needs to be effective communication between the two parties in order for the business to be successful. Social issues in the business environment may be a threat to Comar. A social system is a pooling of ideas, attitudes and behaviour which are involved in human relations and interactions. Comar is influenced by its customers attitudes and behaviour, if they are negative relationships within the organisation this could dampen productivity and decrease business profitability and if there are social issues external to the organisation, such as political unrest, could affect consumer behaviour negatively and affect the success of the business. The political; and legal system can also pose as a threat to Comar, as business have to follow the specific regulations as set out for them by the government, it creates a set of rules and guidelines that business are expected to adhere by, if a business does not there could be serious consequences that could lead to decreased profitability and even as far as a business being banned. The monetary system facilitates business exchange. Monetary activity has distinct basic functions, namely saving, borrowing, spending and earning, which are all linked to business profitability. Comar has to pay careful attention to all these activities because each of these factors can easily turn into a threat for the business. There are many different parties involved when dealing with money, they are financial institutions, debtors, creditors, customers and suppliers. The interest rate is very important when Comar is dealing with its monetary activities, when an interest rate is high, it increases Comar’s costs and will limit the amount of spending that Comar can participate in. Exchange rates are the value of one nation’s currency in comparison to another. It is very important when determining a business’s effectiveness and whether it will serve as an opportunity or a threat. Comar is a company that does business in South Africa and globally, therefore exchange rates will have an enormous effect on the profitability. When Comar exchanges its products over national borders causing another currency to become involve, fluctuations in exchange rates can lead to profits or losses for Comar. Comar is at an advantage when the rand is relatively strong compared to the currency that the organisation is trading with. When the rand is weak compared to the business it is doing the exchange with, Comar is at a disadvantage as it will be more costly to exchange products across borders. A massive threat that Comar faces is import duty, which is a tax on goods imported into a country. This causes prices to be higher because of the tax cost involved. This cost is passed onto consumers at higher prices, which in turn can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and a loss in clients. Trade restrictions were introduced to restrict importing for many reasons, mainly to protect domestic industries. There are two types of restrictions, tariffs and non-tariffs. Non-tariffs include, methods such as embargo, import quota – which is a limitation on the amount of goods a business is allowed to import, foreign exchange control and currency devaluation. These trade restrictions pose a massive threat to Comar because the organisation is continuously trading over borders and having to deal with trade restrictions, which will inevitably hinder profitability.

buy custom The Year that Changed the World Book by American Author Michael Meyer

buy custom The Year that Changed the World Book by American Author Michael Meyer The Year that Changed the World Introduction Michael Meyer was Newsweeks bureau chief for Balkans, Central Europe and Germany between 1988 and 1992. He wrote different stories on the dissolution of Socialist Europe and German union. Meyer concealed the revival of Solidarity Movement in Poland led by Lech Walensa; he also planned the Velvet Revolution together with Czech Vaclav Havel. Moreover, he was one of the last Americans who interviewed Romanian ruler. Therefore, he put pen to paper to create The Year that Changed the World: the Untold Story behind the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The author provides the reader with a hard-boiled reevaluation of the ground-breaking depth that disrupted the secret curtain in 1989. He restores the actions former to November, 9, 1989. During the time frame there was the increase of disappointments, confusions, and requests to act through Eastern and Central Europe in many places in neighboring series through the district. The atmosphere dragged the basics from under the socialist system so that, eternal and immovable as it appeared, it unexpectedly distorted underneath its own weightiness.

Unit 2 assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 assignment 1 - Essay Example To fulfill the purpose of this study, the researcher designed three questions to be answered in the course of the study. The qualitative data collection methods used for this study involved open-ended questions. This is an appropriate method for this study in that it open-ended questions allowed the respondents to articulate their beliefs and insights freely. In addition, because there was no need for control of any behavioral events, a case study method was appropriate. Therefore, semi-structured interviews and participant observations were quite appropriate for this study. The problem in question involved workers and the research had to unravel why they shared or did not share knowledge. Therefore, through interviewing the workers that the researcher got to understand why they would choose to share or not share knowledge.This research design is quite consistent with the methods chosen for this study. Other additional data that the author would have said about the data collection strategies is how he managed to avoid bias. Use of semi-structured interviews allows the researcher’s respondents to provide many facts and opinions, as they wanted. This can make a researcher deviate from the main purpose of the study. The data needed for this research could have been collected differently using structured questions. Such an interview consists of verbally administered questionnaires where lists of predetermined questions are asked with little or no variation. This method is good because it consumes less time and resources. In addition, the fact that there is no variation in the questions makes the process less bias (Gill et al., 2008). However, although the method is cheap and easy to administer, they allow a limited participant response and thus not suitable for depth participation. The doctoral study has a well researched background in that the authors has researched well for this topic. The author has used

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss Essay

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss in light or recent research and examine the implications - Essay Example Beyond arithmetic difficulties, the abstract nature of mathematics means that dyscalculia sufferers can also have difficulty in spatial reasoning, and with comprehension of time. As mathematical reasoning is used in so many situations, it is important for educators to understand that management of dyscalculia is important for the individual in later life. As with many of the other SpLDs, the difficulties that children have when facing dycalculia in an educational environment is that they will often not understand why they are struggling. Peers may also acknowledge their difficulties, which can lead to feelings of failure, anxiety and stress. For this reason, it is important for educators to understand the needs of those with dyscalculia, which can often be overshadowed by dyslexia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current research and government recommendations on dyscalculia to ascertain the implications that this SpLD has on classroom practice. It will also cover the evi dence for comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia, and how classroom practice should be altered to deal with individuals who have specific learning needs. What is dyscalculia? Dyscalculia is an important SpLD because it affects mathematical and spatial reasoning for the affected individual. This is despite the fact that an individual has had mathematical education, and may be developing normally in other areas. The UK parliament report on dyslexia and dyscalculia suggests that mathematical problems are more likely to affect people in adulthood because the effects of dyscalculia are more long-lasting and mathematical reasoning skills are more valued by employers Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Dyscalculia does affect those with other learning difficulties and is prevalent in those with a low (intelligence quotient) IQ, but dyscalculia can affect a wide range of individuals across the spectrum Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Like dyslexia and the other SpLDs, there is evidence that dysca lculia is highly heriditary and has a strong genetic component. Twin studies suggest that, where one twin has dyscalculia, there is a 70% likelihood that the other will also have the SpLD (). Although twins are likely to share a similar environment and educational history, many twin studies do take this into account, and there is evidence that only 55% of non-identical twins will share dyscalculia. Despite the fact that dyscalculia is thought to affect up to 7% of UK residents (), it is only recently that it has been properly acknowledged and thoroughly researched. Many of the options available for those with dyslexia (for example) are not available for those with dyscalculia. The British Dyslexia Association does provide information about dyscalculia but it does not currently have its own charitable support organization (). Government interventions for educators who are dealing with dyscalculia are fairly new, and based on recent research. However, dyscalculia is recognized as a sp ecial educational need and therefore there are guidelines provided for those in primary school, secondary school as well as guidelines and advice for adults Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. These will be covered in more detail throughout this essay, but it is important to acknowledge the influx of interest in dyscalculia, which suggests that it is an important and prevalent problem for many in the UK. Causes of Dyscalculia As previously mentioned, much

Critiques on Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critiques on Finance - Case Study Example Rising fuel costs forced cost cutting measures and hence necessary upgrades were put on the back burner. Flight and crew scheduling systems, reservation and call-center systems all need to be upgraded if the airline wants to retain its passenger share. Parallels are already being drawn to People Airline Express, another low cost carrier that sank without a trace in 1997 under similar constraints as are being faced by JetBlue today. JetBlue however, still has something going for it in the form of a healthy balance sheet, and $699 million in cash. It has also re-structured its ambitious growth plans as it tries to consolidate its operations. The problem JetBlue is facing is basically that, "rapid expansion [has] outstripped management's ability to keep everything together". Rough and ready methods, suitable for small, low-cost operations contribute to profitability. But these methods start falling apart when the size of the operations cross a certain optimum level. At this stage JetBlue risks having the same overheads and union problems, as do other larger carriers, thereby nullifying the advantage of being a low cost carrier. In October 2005, after six years of double-digit growth, Avon sales suddenly slumped all over the world as, "the global diversity that had long propped up the company's performance suddenly began to weigh it down".

The Black Cat Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Black Cat,† by Edgar Allan Poe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Black Cat,† a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, is about a man who is in jail confessing to murdering his wife. He starts of by stating that he was happily married to a nice beautiful woman, and the couple had many animals. Among those animals was a black cat named Pluto and this cat is the narrator’s favorite animal. The cat and the narrator established a great relationship and are almost inseparable. The narrator soon becomes an alcoholic and one day he returns from a town bar well intoxicated and tries to pet the cat. The cat tries to avoid him in fear of violence and when the man grabs the cat, it bites him in the hand. Out of fury, the narrator cuts out one of his eyes. The next day the man realizes what he did and ...

Ibnu Khaldun Biography

Accoring to Issawi , C. (2009) Ibn Khaldun is the greatest Arab historian, who develop one of the earliest nonreligous philosophy of history, contained in his masterpiece, the Muqaddimah (â€Å"Introduction†). He also wrote a definitive history of Muslim Norh Africa. Mahmoud Dhaouadi (1997) stated that Ibnu Khaldun’s full name is ‘Abdu-ar-Rahman Abu Zaid Wali-ad-Din Ibn Khaldun. He was born in Tunis (1332) and died in Cairo (1406). His family was of Arab Yemenite descent who had first settled in Muslim Spain and later moved to Tunisia. When Ibn Khaldun reached the age of schooling, he began to learn and recite the Qur’an as did most pupils of that time. The education he received in Tunis in his youth was concentrated in three areas : (1) Islamic studies, which cover the sciences of the Qur’an, the Hadith (the prophet’s sayings and behaviour) as well as Islamic Fikh (jurisprudence) , particularly the Malikite School ; (2) the sciences of the Arabic language which deal with grammar , conjugation and the art of eloquent written and spoken language (al-Balagha) ; and (3) logic , philosophy, natural sciences and mathematics. Muhsin Mahdi (1968) explain that the teacher he admired most during this period was the mathematician and philosopher Muhammad Ibn Ibrauhium al-Aubiliu (1282/3-1356), whom he considered the most proficient of his contemporaries in the philosophic disciplines. His studies with Aubiliu extended over five years, from 1347 to 1352. They began with mathematics and logic and then branched out to include various other philosophic disciplines. Aubiliu introduced him to the major works of Avicenna and Averroes and acquainted him with the more recent philosophic and theological writings of the heterodox Shruites in Eastern Islam. Ibn Khaldun’s early work (1351) provides direct evidence for his philosophic interest and ideas during this period. His other early philosophic works, including treatises on logic and mathematics and a number of paraphrases of Averroes’ works, have not been recovered as yet. IBN KHALDUN ACHIEVEMENT. During his previous life, he has received many achievements in his life. He is known as Father of Modern Social Science and Cultural History. He is also the founder of sosiological sciences. . At the early age, he manage to cope with different type of knowledge such as Qur’anic science, Arabic, Poetry, Traditions, Classical Education (Qur’an, Science, Arabic Language and Fiqh) which he recive certification to these subject. Then, he has involved in political career as he held a post at the court of Tunisia at the age of 20. After three years later, he has worked as a secretaryship to the Sultan of Morocco for about two years. He once given a ministerial positio n by Abu Salem. After that, at the chancellery of the Tunisian ruler, Ibn Takrakin, he hold the position of Katib al-‘alamah which is consisted of writing in fine calligraphy or introductory notes of official documents. After that, at Cairo, he became a noted professor, judge and sheikh or better known as manager of Baybars, the greatest sufi institution during that time. Then he become an ambassador of the Sultan of Granada to Pedro the Cruel, Cristian king of Castile in 1363. This showed how people trust him in everything. In addition, he used to be a teacher and magistrate at Ta’rif. Ibn khaldun has inspired many people. In studied, he is excelled in Arabic Literature, Phisiolophy, Mathematics and Astronomy. At the age of 19, he has wrote his first book, Lubabu I-Muhassal under the supervision of his teacher, al-abili in Tunis. Next, he also manage to wrote Mukaddimah or known as Prolegomena in Europe. He wrote Prolegomena At the Castle of Ibn Salama when he receive inspiration to wrote it during his retirement. He only takes five month to finish writing Mukaddimah. Mukaddimah has been evaluate and fully appreciate by Europe scholarship. Unfortunedly, his work doesn’t get more attention at Asian. His work on the book, Mukaddimah has been appreciated by the whole world and his book has been translated into various language around the world. For example, English and malay. His final work on autobiography, has been translated to English. His book also available at all nation. Ibn khaldun is a great thinker that gives inspired to many people in various way. (Faridah Hj Hassan, Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia) WHY HE IS A GREAT THINKER? Almost everybody agrees that Ibn Khaldun is a great thinker. There are many relevant reasons or factors that contribute to this statement. First, Ibn Khaldun starts his political career at the very young age, only at twenty years old. From this, it is obviously that this historian has a very high determination and self-confidence. Apart from this, he can also be considered as a great thinker for his well-known book, Al-Muqaddimah. This is amazingly because Al-Muqaddimah was written by Ibn Khaldun for a really short period,that is 3 years only. He wrote the prominent book when he was staying in a small village, Qalat Ibn Salamah in Algeria. This actually proved that Ibn Khaldun is really a brilliant man who is never wasting his precious time. Besides that, the great thinker Ibn Khaldun has observed and and studied carefully the situations of every community that he has lived with. According to Mahmoud Dhaouadi (1997), Ibn Khaldun has made a conclusion regarding types of people. He divided mankind into three groups. The first group belongs to the primitive good human nature (types I + II) of the Arab-Muslim Bedouins. The first group’s excessive materialism led to the weakness and disintegration of Al-Assabiya among the Arab-Muslim sedentaries. The second group belongs to the strong Assabiya among the Arab-Muslim Bedouins. Their excessive materialism led to the weakening of the religion of Islam among the sedentaries. Last but not least, Ibn Khaldun state that the third group belongs to the strong commitment to the Islamic faith by the earlier Arab-Muslim Bedouins. He also mentioned that the excessive materialism led to the spread of human nature type III among all social categories of the Arab-Muslim sedentary culture. Mohammad Abdullah Enan (1941) suggests that Ibn Khaldun is an undoubtedly great Muslim thinker. â€Å"He was the first man to study the social phenomena, to understand and explain the events of history, and to deduce from them social laws,in such a wonderful scientific manner. Tonybee and Lacost,among the few Western scholars familiar with Ibn Khaldun’s thought, claimed that Ibn Khaldun was truly a unique phenomenon in humankind’s long history of idea. Yet, Ibn Khaldun’s legacy in the science of society continues to be ignored by both professionals and students of contemporary social sciences. This paragraph will stress more on his ideas of eastern sociology. Ibn Khaldun’s social thought may be considered to be the only authentic intellectual sociohistorical knowledge about human society which the Third World possesses. Yves Lacoste’s evaluation of the Muqaddimah makes this point very clear. He affirms that Ibn Khaldun’s fluent and systematic approach to the study of history and human civilisations has no parallel in the history of social thought of other societies and civilisations pervious to his own time. This can be proof more by Arnold Toynbee’s laudatory assessment of the mature sociohistorical thought displayed in The Muqaddimah strongly concurs with that of Lacoste which mentioned Ibn Khaldun had conceived and ormulated a philosophy of history which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that had ever yet been created by any mind in any time and place. In establishing his New Science of the social objective reality, principally through his positivist outlook of social phenomena, Ibn Khaldun appears to have remain strongly attached and influenced as well by his view of the internal â€Å"in there† human nature. Ibn Khaldun’s notion of human nature and its deterministic impact on his assumptions, conceptualizations and theories of societies and civilizations have been largely if not completely neglected by those who have studie Ibn Khaldun’s work. We hardly encountered a study which preoccupies itself seriously with the subject of human nature in Ibn Khaldun’s thinking. This is due to the prevailing positivist spirit of the author’s works, especially in his Muqaddimah . His concept of human nature and its implications on the individual’s behaviour and civilization’s destiny ought not to be discarded or neglected in any rigorous analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s works. No doubt that there are a number of references to human nature in the Muqaddimah. But the difficult task lies in identifying with precision specific categories referred to by the author. In reading Ibn Khaldun’s statements on Man’s nature, three types seem to emerge. a)Human nature as reflected in Al –Fitrah In Islamic thought, Al-Fitrah is either than human state devoid of bad traits and customs at birth or at worst it is that human state that predisposes human nature more toward virtues than vices. Ibn Khaldun’s use of Al-Fitrah concept is inspired by the Qur’an as well as by the Hadith. In these two basic Islamic sources, the notion of Al-Fitrah still appears to mean, also, a balanced human inclination that lives according to the laws of the natural divine order. As a conclude, the closer they remain to the primitive or innate state of human nature in terms of goodness the better they are. b)The dualistic human nature Ibn Khaldun’s second type of huma nature resembles, in its dynamics very much that of Al-Assabiyya. The latter is a conflicting set of historical moving forces which often clash with each other, thus creating a chain of conflicts and antagonisms. Viewed that way, Al-‘Assabiyya’s dynamics offer a compelling explaination to human history as an endless chain of exhaustion, rotation and evolution. Likewise, the author’s second view of human nature shows the conflicting nature of the human being’s make up. The roots of the conflicts are the result of the dualistic constituting component of human nature itself. Human nature has equal inclinations toward doing good and evil. With this even emphasis on the weight of good and evil elements ,the Qur’anic perspective appears to give human nature a fundamental dialectical characteristic. c)The aggresive human nature Ibn Khaldun had bluntly stated that the roots of human aggression as well as injustice are to be found in the animalistic side of human nature. Like some contemporary ethologists and psychologists studying Man and animal’s behaviour, the author of the Muqaddimah considers aggression as a fundamental inborn feature whose infrastructure is widely observed among all living beings including Man. Ibn Khaldun’s observations and experiences enabled him to unveil other complex forms which human aggression could take. He had noticed injustice committed by humans, not because their physical survival was at stake, but rather it appeared to be the result of a sort of human readiness to do injustice to others in the Hobbesian sense of the term. On the contrary, Ibn Khaldun considers them to be fundamentally destructive and disruptive to Man’s advancement collectively as well as individually. In looking at these three form of Man’s humannature, one can assert that there is unambiguous Qur’anic or Islamic influence on the author’s thinking concerning Man’s nature. The first type (Al-Fitrah state) and the second one the dualistic nature) are drawn from the Islamic outlook on the range of human nature as expressed especially in the Muslim Holy Book. These two categories depict Man’s nature at its very natural state either as good more and less or neutral towards good or bad doing. In both cases Man’s nature is overwhelmingly dialectical. However the third type of the Human Nature is strikingly an ugly one, Man falls nto this state when he becomes dominated by his animalistic or known as materialistic desires. I n the luxurious sedentary milieu, Man is transformed from a human being to an animal. With this taking place, the undermining of Islamic as well as natural values becomes a fait accompli. It is hardly an exaggeration to state that the studies which has dealt, both in the Arab world and outside of if ,bwith Ibn Khaldun’s remarkably distinct achievement in social thought have, in general, extended to explain the Khaldunian phenomenon by social variables and not by the personality traits of the author of the Muqaddimah. In other words, creative and innovative thought is seen here as the result of the imperative of the laws of stringent social determinism. The consequences of this kind of perspective has ultimately led to a general disinterest in the study of the role of Ibn Khaldun’s personality traits that might have contributed to the unfolding of his pioneering social thought . In light especially of modern psychology’s insights and finding about the role of human personality traits in triggering and promoting the spirit of creativity and innovation among certain individuals of the general population, it is hardly acceptable to seek an objective assessment of human creativity and innovation without seriously taking into account the entire profile of the creative person innovator’s personality in its own right.

Social Contract The Blend Of Government And Freedom

Rousseau Social Contract; the Blend of Government and Freedom Elise Rozenberg Survey of Modern History I July 13, 2015 â€Å"Daring ideas are like chessmen moved forward; they may be beaten, but they may start a winning game.†[ ] These words can be applied to the progression of history. Throughout history, there have been many radical thinkers whose ideas, though initially criticized, have become the catalyst of great change. Though, the radical thinkers were met with the criticism and disdain of the people, eventually, their ideas slowly impacted society. The Enlightenment was one of the greatest time periods in history where many ideas and philosophies greatly influenced history as we know it. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that questioned the aspects of the absolutist regime of monarchs such as King Louis 14 of France, and strongly challenged the religious beliefs. In years prior to the Enlightenment, the people sought out answers from positions of authority, such as the church or monarchy. The Enlightenment emphasized an alternative, the use of reason to seek answers. With the emphasis on reason came many social and political philosophies that challenged the preconceived notion of divine right of the monarchy. Many enlightened thinkers, or philosophes, wrote about the natural rights of people and the role of government in society.[ ] From the Renaissance Era through the Scientific Revolution, the Church had slowly lost their influence onShow MoreRelatedSocial Contract Theory And The Transition From State Of Nature1599 Words   |  7 PagesI’m going to discuss the Social Contract theory, and how the transition from State of Nature to government was considered a contract. Was there ever a timeframe when men lived outside of social orders and how was it? , How did men get away from that period and go into another time of social orders? 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